5F-AKB-48

5F-AKB-48
The skeletal formula of 5F-AKB-48
Chemical Nomenclature
Substitutive name	5F-AKB-48
Systematic name	N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide
Routes of Administration
Smoked Dosage WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section. DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is a summary of data gathered from users and resources. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy. Threshold < 0.5 mg Light 0.5 - 1.5 mg Common 0.5 - 2 mg Strong 3 - 4 mg Heavy 4 mg + Duration Total 30 - 60 minutes Onset 0 - 20 minutes Peak 10 - 30 minutes Offset 5 - 10 minutes Afterglow 15 - 30 minutes

Summary sheet: 5F-AKB-48

5F-AKB-48 (5F-APINACA) is a drug that acts as a potent agonist for the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors which produces subjective effects somewhat similar to that of cannabis with a short duration and an emphasis on intense physical sensations. Its metabolism has been described in the scientific literature. It was first identified in South Korea and is available for sale as a grey area research chemical through online vendors.

Cannabinoids are commonly smoked or vaporized to achieve a quick onset of effects and rapid offset. 5F-AKB-48 is orally active when dissolved in a lipid, which can increase the duration significantly. Like other cannabinoids, it is insoluble in water but dissolves in ethanol and lipids.

There is some concern over the potential toxicity of many synthetic cannabinoids, so it is strongly discouraged to take this substance for extended periods of time or in excessive doses.

Chemistry

5F-AKB-48, or N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, is a synthetic indazole cannabinoid as it contains a substituted indazole group. This indazole moeity is substituted at R₁ with a fluoropentyl chain, a substitution shared with 5F-PB-22. Additionally, the indazole is substituted at R₃ with a carboxamide group. This carboxamide group is N-substituted at its terminal amine group with an adamantane group. This group consists of four fused cyclohexane rings in a unique structure called a diamondoid. 5F-AKB-48 is an analog of STS-135 in which the core indole structure is substituted with an indazole base.

Pharmacology

Although this substance has not been formally studied, from analysis of the structure, it is presumed that 5F-AKB-48 has a similar binding profile to that of other cannabinoids and matches many of the in vivo properties of Δ9-THC. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the cannabinoid high continues to remain elusive.

Subjective effects

The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.

Physical effects

• Spontaneous tactile sensations - The "body high" of 5F-AKB-48 can be described as a sharp, uncomfortable, all-encompassing, and electric tingling sensation that spreads over the body after initial ingestion. It maintains a consistent presence that quickly rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached before immediately dissipating.
• Motor control loss - This substance causes a partial to moderate suppression of motor control which intensifies proportional to dose, but rarely results in a complete inability to walk and perform basic movements.
• Appetite enhancement - As with many other cannabinoids, 5F-AKB-48 causes an increase in appetite, known colloquially as "the munchies" in popular American and United Kingdom culture. Clinical studies and survey data have found that cannabis increases food enjoyment and interest in food. This is thought to be due to the way in which endocannabinoids in the hypothalamus activate cannabinoid receptors that are responsible for maintaining food intake.
• Pain relief - Cannabinoids have been clinically demonstrated to provide pain relief via agonism of cannabinoid receptors CB₁ and CB₂, which extends to synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists.
• Perception of increased weight or Perception of decreased weight
• Changes in gravity
• Dehydration- This is known colloquially as "cotton mouth" in popular American and United Kingdom culture.
• Vasodilation

Cognitive effects

• Anxiety - In comparison to other cannabinoids, this compound is particularly prone to inducing feelings of anxiety and it should therefore be avoided by people who are particularly prone to this state of mind.
• Paranoia
• Emotion enhancement
• Thought connectivity
• Thought deceleration
• Conceptual thinking
• Mindfulness
• Information processing suppression
• Dream suppression
• Psychosis - The prolonged usage of synthetic cannabinoids may increase one's disposition to psychosis, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).

Auditory effects

• Enhancements

Toxicity and harm potential

Main article: Research chemicals § Toxicity and harm potential

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 5F-AKB-48 use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 5F-AKB-48 has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 5F-AKB-48 within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Informal experiments have shown that overdose will cause physical discomfort including heart palpitations, vertigo and sedation at much lower than dangerous doses, usually causing the user to suffer large amounts of anxiety or to fall asleep.

It has often been recommended that those with severe pre-existing mental conditions should not ingest these substances due to the way they strongly increase one's current state of mind and emotions. Also, like THC, prolonged usage of synthetic cannabinoids including 5F-AKB-48 may increase one's disposition to mental illness and psychosis, particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).

As the material is active in the milligram range, it is important to remain vigilant when dosing as to avoid a negative experience. It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.

Tolerance and addiction potential

As with other synthetic cannibanoids, the chronic use of 5F-AKB-48 can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

Tolerance to many of the effects of 5F-AKB-48 develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 5F-AKB-48 presents cross-tolerance with all cannabinoids, meaning that after the consumption of 5F-AKB-48 all cannabinoids will have a reduced effect.

Legal issues

• Latvia: 5F-AKB-48 is a Schedule I drug.
• Germany: 5F-APINACA is an Anlage II controlled drug in Germany since July 2013.
• China: As of October 2015 5F-APINACA is a controlled substance in China.
• Czech Republic: 5F-APINACA is banned in the Czech Republic.

See also

• Responsible use
• Cannabis
• Cannabinoid
• JWH-018
• AB-FUBINACA
• THJ-018

External links

• 5F-APINACA (Wikipedia)