2-FMA

2-FMA
The skeletal formula of 2-FMA
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names	2-FMA
Substitutive name	2-Fluoromethamphetamine
Systematic name	(RS)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine
Class Membership
Psychoactive class	Stimulant
Chemical class	Amphetamine
Routes of Administration
Oral Dosage WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section. DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy. Threshold 5 - 10 mg Light 10 - 15 mg Common 15 - 20 mg Strong 20 - 30 mg Heavy 30 mg + Duration Total 4 - 6 hours

Summary sheet: 2-FMA

2-Fluoromethamphetamine (2-FMA) is a substituted amphetamine with stimulant and nootropic effects. It is rarely found on the streets, but commonly sold as a grey market research chemical through online vendors.

Chemistry

2-Fluoromethamphetamine (2-FMA) is a synthetic molecule of the amphetamine family. Molecules of the amphetamine class contain a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain with an additional methyl substitution at R_α (i.e., amphetamines are alpha-methylated phenethylamines). 2-FMA contains a methyl group bound to the terminal amine R_N of the amphetamine core, a substitution it shares with methamphetamine. 2-FMA is the 2-fluorinated analogue of methamphetamine.

Pharmacology

Although 2-FMA has not been formally studied on the same level as traditional amphetamines, it is safe to assume that just like other substituted amphetamines, it most likely acts as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This means it effectively increases the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.

Studies demonstrate that 2-flourine amphetamine substitutions limit activity of the compound at the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor with an over 200-fold increased selectivity for A2 receptors over A1 receptors. It has also been demonstrated that 2-substitution of a hydrogen with fluorine on the aromatic ring of norepinephrine produces a beta-adrenergic agonist with little alpha activity. This has led the online community to speculate that the milder uncomfortable cognitive and/or physical side effects and the greater efficacy as a nootropic associated with this substance are at least partially due to decreased activity at the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, resulting in significantly less norepinephrine reuptake inhibition.

Subjective effects

In comparison to other substituted amphetamines, 2-FMA is particularly free of side effects such as nausea, high blood pressure, anxiety and an uncomfortable offset. It is considered to be an extremely functional and effective psychoactive substance for performing general productivity tasks of any sort. However, at higher doses, it becomes less of a productivity boost and more for recreational purposes due to the intensity of its euphoria and stimulation.

The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.

Physical effects

• Stimulation
• Tactile enhancement
• Physical euphoria
• Dehydration
• Appetite suppression
• Increased heart rate
• Increased perspiration
• Teeth grinding - This component can be considered to be less intense when compared with that of MDMA.

Cognitive effects

• Thought acceleration
• Focus enhancement
• Anxiety suppression
• Wakefulness
• Analysis enhancement
• Motivation enhancement
• Compulsive redosing

After effects

The effects which occur during the offset of a stimulant experience generally feel negative and uncomfortable in comparison to the effects which occurred during its peak. This is often referred to as a "comedown" and occurs because of neurotransmitter depletion. Its effects commonly include:

• Cognitive fatigue
• Thought deceleration
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Wakefulness
• Irritability

Toxicity and harm potential

Main article: Research chemicals § Toxicity and harm potential

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2-FMA use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 2-FMA has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 2-FMA within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed).

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.

Tolerance and addiction potential

As with other stimulants, the chronic use of 2-FMA can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

Tolerance to many of the effects of 2-FMA develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 2-FMA presents cross-tolerance with all dopaminergic stimulants, meaning that after the consumption of 2-FMA all stimulants will have a reduced effect.

Psychosis

Main article: Stimulant psychosis

Abuse of compounds within the amphetamine chemical class at high dosages for prolonged periods of time can potentially result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, or delusions). A review on treatment for amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely. The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, antipsychotic medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis. Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic use.

Dangerous interactions

Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

• Stimulants - 2-FMA can be potentially dangerous in combination with other stimulants as it can increase one's heart rate and blood pressure to dangerous levels.
• 25x-NBOMe - Both the NBOMe series and this compound induce powerful stimulation and their interaction may cause severe side effects. These can include thought loops, seizures, increased blood pressure, vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and heart failure (in extreme cases).
• Alcohol - It is dangerous to combine alcohol, a depressant, with stimulants due to the risk of excessive intoxication. Stimulants decrease the sedative effect of alcohol which is the main factor most people consider when determining their level of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the effects of alcohol will be significantly increased, leading to intensified disinhibition as well as respiratory depression. If combined, one should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.
• DXM - This combination may cause increased heart rate and panic attacks.
• MXE - Increased heart rate and blood pressure may occur.
• Tramadol - This combination can increase the risk of seizures.
• MDMA - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with amphetamines.
• MAOIs - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters such as dopamine to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include syrian rue, banisteriopsis caapi, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, αMT, and some antidepressants.
• Cocaine - This combination may increase strain on the heart.

Legal issues

2-FMA is currently a grey area compound within all parts of the world, meaning its regulation lies in a legal grey area and that it is not known to be specifically illegal ("scheduled") within any country. However, people may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analogue laws and with intent to sell or consume.

• United Kingdom - It is illegal to produce, supply, or import this drug under the Psychoactive Substance Act, which came into effect on May 26th, 2016.
• Germany: On December 13, 2014 2-FMA was added to the controlled substance act ("BtMG"), making it illegal to produce, sell or possess.

See also

• Responsible use
• Stimulants
• Amphetamine
• Methamphetamine

External links

• 2-FMA (Wikipedia)
• 2-FMA (Erowid)
• 2-FMA experiences (Erowid)
• 2-FMA (TripSit)