2-FMA

2-FMA
The skeletal formula of 2-FMA
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names	2-FMA
Substitutive name	2-Fluoromethamphetamine
Systematic name	(RS)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine <-- Class Membership -->
Class Membership
Psychoactive class	Stimulant
Chemical class	Amphetamine
Routes of Administration
Oral Dosage WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section. DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is a summary of data gathered from users and resources. It is NOT a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy. Threshold 5 - 10 mg Light 10 - 15 mg Common 15 - 20 mg Strong 20 - 30 mg Heavy 30 - 40 mg+ Duration Total 4 - 6 hours

Summary sheet: 2-FMA

2-Fluoromethamphetamine (2-FMA) is a substituted amphetamine with stimulant and nootropic effects. It is rarely found on the streets, but commonly sold as a grey market research chemical through online vendors.

Chemistry

2-Fluoromethamphetamine (2-FMA) is a synthetic molecule of the amphetamine family. Molecules of the amphetamine class contain a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain with an additional methyl substitution at R_α (i.e., amphetamines are alpha-methylated phenethylamines). 2-FMA contains a methyl group bound to the terminal amine R_N of the amphetamine core, a substitution it shares with methamphetamine. 2-FMA is the 2-fluorinated analogue of methamphetamine.

Pharmacology

Although 2-FMA has not been formally studied on the same level as traditional amphetamines, it is safe to assume that just like other substituted amphetamines, it most likely acts as both a dopamine and norepinephrine releasing agent. This means it effectively increases the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.

Studies demonstrate that 2-flourine amphetamine substitutions limit activity of the compound at the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor with an over 200-fold increased selectivity for A2 receptors over A1 receptors. It has also been demonstrated that 2-substitution of a hydrogen with fluorine on the aromatic ring of norepinephrine produces a beta-adrenergic agonist with little alpha activity. This has led the online community to speculate that the milder uncomfortable cognitive and/or physical side effects and the greater efficacy as a nootropic associated with this substance are at least partially due to decreased activity at the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, resulting in significantly less norepinephrine reuptake inhibition.

Subjective effects

In comparison to other substituted amphetamines, 2-FMA is particularly free of side effects such as nausea, high blood pressure, anxiety and an uncomfortable offset. It is considered to be an extremely functional and effective psychoactive substance for performing general productivity tasks of any sort. However, at higher doses, it becomes less of a productivity boost and more for recreational purposes due to the intensity of its euphoria and stimulation.

The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.

Physical effects

The physical effects of 2-FMA can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. These are described below and generally include:

• Stimulation
• Tactile enhancement
• Physical euphoria
• Dehydration
• Appetite suppression
• Increased heart rate
• Increased perspiration

Cognitive effects

The cognitive effects of 2-FMA can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:

• Thought acceleration
• Focus enhancement
• Anxiety suppression
• Wakefulness
• Analysis enhancement
• Motivation enhancement
• Compulsive redosing
• Cognitive fatigue - This effect can occur during the offset of this compound as a rebound effect which is usually equal in its intensity to the enhancements which occurred before it.

Toxicity and harm potential

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 2-FMA use have not been studied in any published context, and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. 2-FMA is a research chemical with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from 2-FMA users and testers within the psychonaut community suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses or using it very sparingly (although similar reactions cannot be guaranteed).

Tolerance and addiction potential

Tolerance develops rapidly with repeated usage, i.e. periods of extended use require increasing dosages in order to achieve the same effect. Addiction is a serious risk with heavy recreational use of any substituted amphetamine and compulsive redosing is an extremely common side effect.

Psychosis

Abuse of amphetamines at high doses for prolonged periods of time can result in stimulant psychosis, which may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, and delusions). A Cochrane Collaboration review on treatment for amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely. The same review asserts that, based upon at least one trial, antipsychotic medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis. Psychosis very rarely arises from closely moderated therapeutic use.

Dangerous interactions

Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

• 25x-NBOMe - Both the NBOMe series and amphetamines induce powerful stimulation. Side effects such as thought loops, seizures, increased blood pressure, vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and heart failure (in extreme cases) may occur.
• Alcohol - It is dangerous to combine alcohol, a depressant, with stimulants due to the risk of excessive intoxication. Stimulants decrease the sedative effect of alcohol which is the main factor most people consider when determining their level of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the effects of alcohol will be significantly increased, leading to intensified disinhibition as well as other effects. If combined, one should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.
• DXM - This combination may cause increased heart rate and panic attacks (in extreme cases).
• MXE - Increased heart rate and blood pressure may occur.
• Tramadol - This combination can increase the risk of seizures.
• MDMA - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with amphetamines.
• MAOIs - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters such as dopamine to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include syrian rue, banisteriopsis caapi, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, αMT, and some antidepressants.
• Cocaine - This combination will increase strain on the heart.

Legal issues

2-FMA is currently a grey area compound within all parts of the world, meaning its regulation lies in a legal grey area and that it is not known to be specifically illegal ("scheduled") within any country. However, people may still be charged for its possession under certain circumstances such as under analogue laws and with intent to sell or consume.

• Germany: On December 13, 2014 2-FMA was added to the controlled substance act ("BtMG"), making it illegal to produce, sell or possess.

See also

• Responsible use
• 2-FMA (Wikipedia)
• Stimulants
• Amphetamine
• Methamphetamine