Isopropylphenidate

Isopropylphenidate
The skeletal formula of isopropylphenidate
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names	Isopropylphenidate
Systematic name	propan-2-yl 2-phenyl-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate <-- Class Membership -->
Class Membership
Psychoactive class	Stimulant
Chemical class	Amphetamine
Routes of Administration
Oral Dosage WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section. DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is a summary of data gathered from users and resources. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy. Light 7 - 10 mg Common 10 - 15 mg Strong 15 - 30 mg Heavy > 30 mg Duration Total 2 - 4 hours Onset 30 - 60 minutes

Summary sheet: Isopropylphenidate

Isopropylphenidate (also known as IPH or IPPD) is a piperidine-based stimulant drug which is closely related to methylphenidate. It has similar effects to methylphenidate but with a longer duration of action.

This substance is often purchased in a pure and pre-made form via online research chemical vendors. It continues to remain available and somewhat legal in many parts of the world.

Chemistry

Isopropylphenidate is a synthetic molecule of the substituted phenethylamine class. It contains a phenethylamine core featuring a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain. It is structurally similar to amphetamine, featuring a substitution at R_α which is incorporated into a piperdine ring ending at the terminal amine of the phenethylamine chain. Additionally, it contains an isopropyl acetate bound to R₂ of its structure.

Isopropylphenidate is structurally different to ethylphenidate and methylphenidate by the length of the carbon chain on their acetate group. Iso- regards the side chain of one carbon atom bound to two methyl groups, phen- indicates the phenyl ring, id- is contracted from a piperidine ring, and -ate indicates the acetate group containing the oxygens. Isopropylphenidate is a chiral compound, presumably produced as a racemic mixture.

Pharmacology

Although no formal studies on this compound have been carried out, the pharmacology can be speculated based on the subjective effects of this compound and the pharmacological behaviour of isopropylphenidate's parent compounds (methylphenidate and ethylphenidate) which have near identical structural organizations.

It has been speculated that isopropylphenidate most likely acts as both a dopamine reuptake inhibitor and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, meaning that it effectively boosts the levels of the norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain by binding to and partially blocking the transporter proteins that normally remove those monoamines from the synaptic cleft. This allows dopamine and norepinephrine to accumulate within the brain, resulting in stimulating and euphoric effects.

Subjective effects

The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.

Physical effects

The physical effects of isopropylphenidate are often described as less uncomfortable and euphoric than ethylphenidate. They can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. These are described below and generally include:

• Stimulation - Isopropylphenidate is usually considered to be energetic and stimulating in a fashion that is distinct but much weaker than that of amphetamine or methamphetamine and stronger than that of modafinil and caffeine. At lower to moderate doses, it encourages general productivity, but at higher dosages it encourages physical activities such as dancing, socializing, running, or cleaning. The particular style of stimulation which isopropylphenidate presents can be described as forced. This means that at higher doses, it becomes difficult or impossible to keep still as jaw clenching, involuntarily bodily shakes and vibrations become present, resulting in extreme shaking of the entire body, unsteadiness of the hands, and a general lack of motor control.
• Dehydration
• Appetite suppression
• Vasoconstriction
• Increased heart rate

Cognitive effects

The cognitive effects of isopropylphenidate can be broken down into several components which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. The general head space of isopropylphenidate is described by many as one of mental stimulation, increased focus, and powerful euphoria. It contains a large number of typical stimulant cognitive effects. Although negative side effects are usually mild at low to moderate doses, they become increasingly likely to manifest themselves with higher amounts or extended usage. This particularly holds true during the offset of the experience.

The most prominent of these cognitive effects generally include:

• Thought acceleration
• Wakefulness
• Analysis enhancement
• Focus enhancement - This component is most effective at low to moderate doses as anything higher will usually impair concentration.
• Motivation enhancement
• Euphoria - The euphoric rush associated with isopropylphenidate use (as a result of dopamine reuptake inhibition) is very short-lived and compulsive, similar to that of cocaine.
• Cognitive fatigue - This component can occur during the offset of this compound as a rebound effect which is usually equal in its intensity to the enhancements which occurred before it.

Toxicity and harm potential

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational isopropylphenidate use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because isopropylphenidate is a research chemical with very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried isopropylphenidate suggests that there are no negative health effects attributed to simply trying the drug by itself at low to moderate doses or using it very sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

Tolerance and addiction potential

In terms of its tolerance, isopropylphenidate can be used multiple days in a row for extended periods of time, but acute tolerance does exist and builds up gradually over repeated extended use. This results in the user requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the same effects.

Isopropylphenidate has potential for abuse on par with that of amphetamine or MDMA due to its lack of significant tolerance, euphoric effects and action upon dopamine transporters.

Dangerous interactions

Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.

• 25x-NBOMe - Both the NBOMe series and isopropylphenidate induce powerful stimulation. Side effects such as thought loops, seizures, increased blood pressure, vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and heart failure (in extreme cases) may occur.
• Alcohol - It is dangerous to combine alcohol, a depressant, with stimulants due to the risk of excessive intoxication. Stimulants decrease the sedative effect of alcohol which is the main factor most people consider when determining their level of intoxication. Once the stimulant wears off, the effects of alcohol will be significantly increased, leading to intensified disinhibition as well as other effects. If combined, one should strictly limit themselves to only drinking a certain amount of alcohol per hour.
• DXM - This combination may cause increased heart rate and panic attacks (in extreme cases).
• MXE - Increased heart rate and blood pressure may occur.
• Tramadol - This combination can increase the risk of seizures.
• MAOIs - This combination may increase the amount of neurotransmitters such as dopamine to dangerous or even fatal levels. Examples include syrian rue, banisteriopsis caapi, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, αMT, and some antidepressants.
• MDMA - The neurotoxic effects of MDMA may be increased when combined with other stimulants.
• Cocaine - This combination will increase strain on the heart.

Legal issues

• U.K. - This compound was banned in the U.K. as a temporary class drug in April 2015 following its unapproved sale as a designer druɡ.

See also

• Responsible use
• Stimulant
• Methylphenidate
• Ethylphenidate