Methoxetamine |
| Methoxetamine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| The skeletal formula of Methoxetamine. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chemical Nomenclature | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common names | Methoxetamine, MXE, Mexxy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Substitutive name | 3-MeO-2-Oxo-PCE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Systematic name | (RS)2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class Membership | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Psychoactive class | Dissociative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical class | Arylcyclohexylamine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Routes of Administration | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Summary sheet: Methoxetamine |
Methoxetamine (MXE) or 3'-MeO-2-Oxo-PCE is a chemical of the arylcyclohexylamine class which acts as a hallucinogenic dissociative.
This substance was originally developed as a research chemical through the use of intelligent drug design. [1] It is a chemical derivative of ketamine that also contains structural features of phencyclidine (PCP) and 3-MeO-PCP. [2]
MXE has almost no history of human usage and was first identified by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, which monitors the Internet for new psychoactive substances within the European Union, in November 2010. By July 2011, they had identified 58 websites selling the compound at a cost of 145–195 euros for 10 grams. [3] Today it is used as a recreational drug and an entheogen, rarely sold on the streets and almost exclusively obtained as a grey area research chemical through the use of online vendors.
Содержание
Chemistry
Methoxetamine, or (RS)2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone, is classed as an arylcyclohexylamine drug. Ayrlcyclohexylamine drugs are named for their structures which include a cyclohexane ring bound to an aromatic ring along with an amine group. MXE contains a phenyl ring with a methoxy (CH3-O-) substituent at R3 bonded to a cyclohexane ring substituted at R2 with an oxo group (cyclohexanone). Bound to the same location (R1) of the cyclohexanone ring is an amino ethyl chain -N-CH2CH3. MXE is a chiral molecule that is often produced as a racemate.
Pharmacology
MXE acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist. NMDA receptors allow for electrical signals to pass between neurons in the brain and spinal column; for the signals to pass, the receptor must be open. Dissociatives close the NMDA receptors by blocking them. This disconnection of neurons leads to loss of feeling, difficulty moving, and eventually an almost identical equivalent of the famous “k-hole.”
MXE also acts as a dopamine-reuptake inhibitor and a serotonin reuptake inhibitor[4] with alleged µ-opioid affinity and typical dissociative effects. This provides an explanation for its euphoric and often stimulating effects.
Subjective effects
The effects listed below are based upon the subjective effects index and personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. The listed effects will rarely (if ever) occur all at once, but heavier dosages will increase the chances and are more likely to induce a full range of effects.
Physical effects
- Tactile disconnection
- Spontaneous tactile sensations - The MXE "body high" is a sharp, pleasurable tingling sensation which is location specific to the hands, feet and head.
- Tactile suppression - This partially to entirely suppresses one's sense of touch, creating feelings of numbness within the extremities. It is responsible for the anaesthetic properties of this substance.
- Physical autonomy
- Motor control loss - A loss of gross and fine motor control alongside of balance and coordination is prevalent within MXE and becomes especially strong at higher doses. This means that one should be sitting down before the onset (unless experienced) in case of falling over and injuring oneself.
- Physical euphoria - This results in feelings of physical euphoria which range between mild pleasure to powerful all-encompassing bliss.
- Perception of decreased weight - This creates the sensation that the body is floating and has become entirely weightless. This effect is strangely stimulating and encourages physical activities at low to moderate doses by making the body feel light and effortless to move.
- Dizziness - Although uncommon, some people report dizziness under the influence of MXE.
- Nausea - It's worth noting that high dose MXE trips can sometimes result in nausea and vomiting at the peak of trip. For most people, this is surprisingly not as unpleasant as they would initially expect due to the accompanying detachment from the physical senses.
- Visual sliding
Cognitive effects
The general head space of MXE is often described as particularly euphoric and clear-headed in comparison to that of DXM and ketamine. The specific cognitive effects can be broken down into several separate subcomponents which are listed and described below:
- Depersonalization
- Derealization
- Consciousness disconnection
- Memory suppression
- Ego death
- Thought deceleration
- Immersion enhancement
- Information processing suppression
- Time distortion
- Euphoria
- Introspection
- Déjà vu
- Conceptual thinking
- Unity and interconnectedness
- Compulsive redosing
- Anxiety suppression
- Decreased libido
- Disinhibition
- Amnesia
- Existential self-realization
- Creativity enhancement
- Personal meaning enhancement
- Mania - This can potentially occur with users who are compulsively and regularly consuming large amounts of this compound. This effect occurs less often on MXE than it does on more stimulating dissociatives such as 3-MeO-PCP or 2-Oxo-PCE.
- Increased music appreciation
Visual effects
Suppression
- Visual disconnection - This eventually results in MXE's equivalent to the famous "k-hole" or more specifically, holes, spaces and voids alongside of structures.
- Visual acuity suppression
- Double vision - This component is prevalent at moderate to heavy doses and makes reading impossible unless one closes an eye.
- Pattern recognition suppression - This effect generally occurs at higher doses and makes one unable to recognize and interpret perceivable visual data.
- Frame rate suppression
Distortions
Geometry
The visual geometry found within MXE can be described as very dark and bland when compared to that of ketamine or DXM and often consists of many tiny interlocking and woven lines. It does not extend beyond level 4 and can be comprehensively described through its variations as simplistic in complexity, algorithmic in style, synthetic in feel, unstructured in organization, dimly lit in lighting, multicoloured in scheme, glossy in shading, soft in edges, small in size, slow in speed, smooth in motion, equal in rounded and angular corners, immersive in depth and consistent in intensity.
Hallucinatory states
At high doses, MXE can produce a full range of high level hallucinatory states in a fashion that is less consistent and reproducible than that of many other commonly used psychedelics. These effects include:
- External hallucinations (autonomous entities; settings, sceneries, and landscapes; alterations in perspective and scenarios and plots) - In comparison to other dissociatives, this effect can occur at heavy doses, but is extremely infrequent in comparison to the same effect found within deliriants. It can be comprehensively described through its variations as delirious in believability, autonomous in controllability and solid in style. The most common theme for this effect to follow is one of experiencing and talking to friends when they are not actually present.
- Internal hallucinations (autonomous entities; settings, sceneries, and landscapes; alterations in perspective and scenarios and plots) - In comparison to other dissociatives, this effect can occur at heavy doses, but is considerably less common than the same effect found within psychedelics and deliriants. It can be comprehensively described through its variations as delirious in believability, fixed in style, equal in new experiences and memory replays in content, autonomous in controllability and solid in style.
Auditory effects
Toxicity and harm potential
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational MXE use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because MXE has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried MXE within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.
Tolerance and addiction potential
As with other NMDA receptor antagonists, the chronic use of MXE can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.
Tolerance to many of the effects of MXE develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). MXE presents cross-tolerance with all dissociatives, meaning that after the consumption of MXE all dissociatives will have a reduced effect.
Urinary tract effects
In terms of its long-term health effects when used repeatedly and with excess for extended periods of time, MXE seems to exhibit almost identical bladder and urinary tract problems to those found within ketamine, but to a lesser extent. This is because MXE is 4 times as potent as ketamine so significantly less of drug needs to be consumed. Symptoms of ketamine-induced cystitis can become extremely serious and can be described as:
- Urinary frequency - Urinary frequency is the need to empty the bladder every few minutes.
- Urinary urgency - This can be described as a sudden, compelling need to urinate.
- Urinary pressure - This is experienced as a constant sensation of fullness in the bladder that is unrelieved by urination.
- Pelvic and bladder pain - Pain can develop suddenly and severely, particularly as the bladder fills with urine.
- Hematuria - Hematuria is visible blood in the urine.
- Incontinence - This is the leakage of urine.
All of these, however, can easily be avoided by simply not using MXE on a daily or even weekly basis and manually limiting one's usage of the substance.
Dangerous interactions
Although many drugs are safe on their own, they can become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with other substances. The list below contains some common potentially dangerous combinations, but may not include all of them. Certain combinations may be safe in low doses of each but still increase the potential risk of death. Independent research should always be done to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe before consumption.
- Depressants - This combination potentiates the muscle relaxation, sedation and amnesia caused by one another and can lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses. There is also an increased risk of vomiting during unconsciousness and death from the resulting suffocation. If this occurs, users should attempt to fall asleep in the recovery position or have a friend move them into it. Examples include 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, benzodiazepines, GHB, GBL, and opioids.
Legal issues
- Germany: The possession, production and sale is illegal.
- Japan: The possession, production and sale is illegal.
- Russia: The possession, production and sale is illegal.
- France: Methoxetamine was added to the list of illicit substances in August 2013.
- Switzerland: The possession, production and sale is illegal.
- U.K.: MXE is a Class B drug.
- U.S.: MXE is not illegal, however, if it is sold with the intention for human consumption (such as in capsules) it becomes illegal to possess under the Federal Analogue Act. This is generally avoided by placing the label "not for human consumption" on the container of this chemical.
Experience reports
Anecdotal reports which describe this compound within our experience index include:
Additional experience reports can be found here:
See also
External links
References
- ↑ Interview with a ketamine chemist | http://www.viceland.com/int/v18n2/htdocs/interview-with-ketamine-chemist-704.php
- ↑ MXE Binding profile | http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/publications/agencies-public-bodies/acmd1/methoxetamine2012?view=Binary
- ↑ Online sales of new psychoactive substances/‘legalhighs’ | http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_143801_EN_SnapshotSummary.pdf
- ↑ https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/119087/methoxetamine2012.pdf
